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The above picture was developed to bring a contextual and historical understanding to Romans 9:6-13 based largely on the books of Genesis and Galatians. God predetermined to bring about the "Word" (both the oracles of God, Rom 3:2, and Christ himself) through a very specific lineage within the nation of Israel, not based on their goodness (or evil), but based on Him and His will to redeem mankind.
God didn't predetermine one child dammed to hell and the other for salvation before they were even born but instead offers and reveals to every man, woman, and child the good news of salvation. Our job is to exercise our faith in the person and finished work of Christ, our Lord and savior. Call upon the name of the Lord and you shall be saved!